GEOGRAPHY
The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe (is heart
of Europe). It is bordered by
(ohraničeno) four countries - Poland, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria. The Czech
Republic is landlocked (vnitrozemní) which
means that it has no cost line (sea). The Czech Republic is divided to three
big parts called Bohemia (Čechy), Moravia, Czech Silesia (Slezko). We can also
divide The Czech Republic to 14 regions.
RIVERS
The Czech Republic has three river basins
(povodí). Basin is an area from all rivers has outlet (výtok) to the same
sea. The basin of the Elbe (Labe +
Vlatava) has outlet to the North Sea. The basin of the Danuble (Dunaj, Morava) has
outlet to the Black Sea. The basin of the Oder has outlet to Baltic Sea.
MOUNTAINS
·
Grammar:
THE+ mountains
The Czech Republic is surrounded by a natural
border of low mountains. In the northern
(severní) part of the Czech Republic are situated the Krkonoše – highest point
of the Krkonoše and whole country is Sněžka(1602 m.).In the west (západní) of the
Krkonoše are the Jizerské hory, the Ještěd and the Lužické hory. In the western
part is the Krušné hory. In the south is the Šumava. In the central part of the
Czech Republic, we can find the Brdy and the Vysočina. In the eastern part (východní)
are the Bílé Karpaty, the Javorníky, the Beskydy, the Jeseníky. The Orlické
hory are in the eatern part of the Krkonoše.
CLIMATE
The Czech Republic has a temperate continental
climate, with relatively hot summer and quite cold cloudy and snowy winters.
Temperature depends on the location and altitude (nadmořská výška). Temperature
differences between seasons are quite big. Average temperature in the summer is
about 20 to 30 degrees of Celsius. In the winter it is about -6 to 10 degrees
of Celsius. Average of year temperature is about 8 degrees of Celsius.
UNESCO
§ world heritage sites in the Czech
Republic
§ Gardens and Castle at Kroměříž
(1998)
§ Historic Centre of Český
Krumlov (1992)
§ Historic Centre of Prague
(1992)
§ Historic Centre of Telč
(1992)
§ Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc
(2000)
§ Lednice-Valtice Cultural
Landscape (1996)
§ Litomyšl Castle
(1999)
§ Tugendhat Villa in Brno
(2001)
§ The historic centre of Prague
·
was
inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1992
·
The
Müller Villa - built in 1928-1930; projected by architects Adolf Loos, Karel
Lhota; cubic building
·
The
Brevnov Abbey - Baroque complex
·
The
Hvězda Hunting Lodge With lts Game-park - Renaissance building
§ Holašovice
·
traditional
central European village
·
from
18th- and 19th-century
·
in
style South Bohemian folk Baroque
CZECH POLITICAL SYSTEM
Main power in The Czech republic has Parliament,
so the constitution (zřízení) is Parliamentary democracy. An independent
Czech state was established on first of January, 1993. Whole law system is
based on main and the most important collection of law – CONSTITUTION (ústava). Czech constitution is inspirited by USA
constitution, Czech constitution from 1920 and Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Czech constitution determines (stanovuje)
how the power in the Czech Republic should be split.
·
POWER
IS SPLIT
o
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH/ POWER (zákonodárná)
§ It is bicameral(= two-chambered; dvoukomorový)Parliament
·
Chamber
of Deputies (poslanecká sněmovna)
o
200
members
o
Politicians
are elected for 4 years
§ 21+, citizen
o
Elect (volit)
a new government
o
Vote – for one specific person, political party (strana) - někoho
o
Political
parties (strany, kluby)
|
ANO
|
||||||
o
Discuses and approve/
discuses low
o
Approve/
discuses state budget (drafted by government)
o
Draft
a bill (předložit návrh)
o
Lack
of Confident (nedůvěra) to government
o
Committees
(výbor)– politician form different parties with same interest
·
Senate
o
81
o
Politicians
are elected, every 2 years for 6 years
§ ONE - THIRD SYSTEM
o
Balance
to Chamber of deputies
o
Can
draft the bill
o
EXECUTIVE BRANCH/EXECUTIVE POWER (výkonná)
§ President should be representative
·
Appoint
a judge (jmenuje)
·
Accept
resignation of politicians
·
Appoint
new prime minister
·
Appoint
the boss of national bank
§ Government (ministries + prime
minister)
·
Government of the Czech
Republic,Ministry of Foreign Affaire, Ministry
of Defence,Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs,Ministry of Industry and Trade,Ministry
of Education, Youth and Sports,Ministry of Justice,Ministry of Finance, Ministry
of Transport, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of the
Environment, Ministry of Culture,Ministry for Regional Development
o
JUDICIAL
BRANCH/JUDICIAL POWER
§ CONSTITUTIONAL COURT (ústavní Brno)
§ SUPREME COURT (nejvyšší Brno)
§ SUPREME ADMINISTRATIVE COURT (vrchní
Praha, Olomouc)
